Guatemala: Tikal hauv Mayan
Guatemala (pronounced/ˌɡwɑːtəˈmɑːlə / ( mloog); Mev: Tsib lub Guatemala República, Spanish hais: [reˈpuβlika ðe ɣwateˈmala]) yog ib lub teb chaws nyob rau Central America yog Mexico bordered mus rau sab qaum teb thiab hnub poob, dej hiav txwv Pacific rau lub southwest, Belize rau tus northeast, Caribbean rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab Honduras thiab El Salvador rau qhov ntau. Cov cheeb tsam no 108,890 km² (42,043 mi²) muaj ib tug kwv yees li ntawm pejxeem txog 13,276,517.
Tikal (los yog Tik'al raws li lub neej tshiab nimno Mayan orthography) yog ib qho ntawm cov Web sites archaeological coob thiab nyob centres uas muaj menyuam mus saib Columbian Maya civilization. Nws nyob hauv thaj av ntawd lub phiab Petén nyob li cas lawm qaum teb Guatemala archaeological. Lwm nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev El Petén, cov kawm ntawv yog ib feem ntawm tus Guatemala si Tikal National thiab hauv 1979 nws tau txais ib UNESCO ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Site.[2]
Tikal yog ib lub peev ntawm lub xeev conquest uas los ua ib lub kingdoms haib tshaj ntawm lub ancient Maya.[3] Ho monumental architecture ntawm cov hnub kawm ntawv rov qab kom deb li deb rau 4 xyoo pua BC, Tikal mus txog nws txoj kev apogee thaum lub caij Classic, ca. 200 mus 900 AD. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub nroog dominated npaum ntawm thaj av ntawd Maya politically, kev lag kev luam, thiab militarily, thaum uas muaj interacting nrog rau tej thaj chaw thoob Mesoamerica xws li tus poj metropolis ntawm Teotihuacan rau cov nyob deb npaum hav ntawm Mexico. Muaj tim khawv tias Tikal yog conquered ntawm Teotihuacan rau 4 xyoo pua AD.[4] Raws li kev lig Classic caij xaus, loj tsis muaj monuments tshiab yeej nyob Tikal thiab muaj pov thawj tias cov neeg tseem ceeb palaces tau kub tuag. Cov txheej xwm twb coupled nrog lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo pejxeem poob, culminating rau lub site ub los xaus rau lub xyoo pua kawm.
Tikal yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws to taub txog tus loj lowland Maya lub zos twg, muaj ib daim ntawv teev cov kav ntev dynastic, foundations rau ntawm tus tombs muaj ntau lub rulers ntawm daim ntawv no thiab cov kev tshawb nrhiav txog lawv cov monuments, temples thiab palaces. (wikipedia)