Meksik: Tulum Sacred Site
Tulum,,da,Yucatec,,en,Tulu'um,,pt,se sit la nan yon Pre-kolonbyen Maya lavil gwo ranpa sèvi kòm yon pò pi gwo pou Coba.,,en,Kraze yo yo ki ap sitiye sou 12-mèt,,en,ft,,en,falèz wotè,,en,bò kòt la bò solèy leve nan Peninsula la Yucatan sou Lanmè Karayib la nan eta a nan kwentana Roo,,en,Meksik.,,en,Tulum se te youn nan lavil ki sot pase yo rete ak bati pa Mayans yo,,en,li te nan wotè li yo ant syèk yo 13th ak 15th ak jere yo siviv sou,,en,ane apre Panyòl yo te kòmanse okipe Meksik,,en,Old maladi Mondyal yo te pote kolon yo Panyòl parèt yo yo te kòz la nan kraze li yo,,en,Youn nan pi bon-konsève sit sa yo Maya kotyè,,en,Tulum se jodi a yon sit popilè pou touris,,en,Sou sit la Maya pouvwa ansyen yo te konnen tou pa non an Zama,,en,sa vle di City of Dawn paske li ap fè fas solèy leve a,,en (Yucatec: Tulu’um) is the site of a Pre-Columbian Maya walled city serving as a major port for Cobá.[1] The ruins are situated on 12-meter (39 ft) tall cliffs, along the east coast of the Yucatán Peninsula on the Caribbean Sea in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico.[1] Tulum was one of the last cities inhabited and built by the Mayans, it was at its height between the 13th and 15th centuries and managed to survive about 70 years after the Spanish began occupying Mexico. Old World diseases brought by the Spanish settlers appear to have been the cause of its demise. One of the best-preserved coastal Maya sites, Tulum is today a popular site for tourists. The Maya site may formerly have been known also by the name Zama, meaning City of Dawn because it faces the sunrise. Tulum kanpe sou yon blòf fè fas a bò solèy leve nan direksyon pou lanmè Karayib la,,en,Tulum se tou Yucatan pawòl Bondye a Maya pou kloti,,en,miray,,en,oswa tranche,,en,ak miray ranpa yo ki antoure sit la pèmèt fort a Tulum yo dwe defann kont envazyon,,en,Tulum te gen aksè a tou de peyi yo ak lanmè wout komès,,en,fè li yon mwaye komès enpòtan,,en,espesyalman pou komès la obsidyèn,,en,Soti nan ilustrasyon anpil nan epitou travay ak travay lòt alantou sit la,,en,Tulum sanble li te yon sit enpòtan pou adore nan Plonje oswa Desann Bondye nou an,,,en,Tulum gen achitekti tipik nan sit Maya sou kòt lès nan Penensil Yucatan,,en,se achitekti Sa a rekonèt pa yon etap kouri otou baz la nan bilding lan ki chita sou yon soubasman ki ba,,en. Tulúm is also the Yucatan Mayan word for fence, wall[1] or trench, and the walls surrounding the site allowed the Tulum fort to be defended against invasions. Tulum had access to both land and sea trade routes, making it an important trade hub, especially for the obsidian trade. From numerous depictions in murals and other works around the site, Tulum appears to have been an important site for the worship of the Diving or Descending god. Tulum has architecture typical of Maya sites on the east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. This architecture is recognized by a step running around the base of the building which sits on a low substructure. Pòt nan kalite sa a yo anjeneral etwat ak kolòn itilize kòm sipò si bilding lan se gwo ase,,en,Kòm miray ranpa yo fize yo deyò yo anjeneral de kouche nan bòdi tou pre anwo a,,en,Chanm nan anjeneral gen youn oubyen de ti fenèt ki gen yon lotèl nan miray ranpa a tounen,,en,Covert swa pa yon plafon gwo bout bwa-ak-debri oswa yo te voute.,,en,Sa a ki kalite achitekti sanble ak sa ki ka yo te jwenn nan ki tou pre Chichen Itza a,,en,jis sou yon echèl pi piti anpil,,en,Gen twa estrikti pi gwo nan enterè a nan sit la Tulum,,en,Castle,,es,Tanp lan nan Frèsk yo,,en,ak tanp Bondye a nan desann twa bilding yo ki pi popilè,,en,Pami bilding yo plis espektakilè isit la se tanp lan nan frèsk yo ki te gen ladan yon galeri pi ba ak yon pi piti dezyèm galri istwa,,en. As the walls flare out there are usually two sets of molding near the top. The room usually contains one or two small windows with an altar at the back wall, roofed by either a beam-and-rubble ceiling or being vaulted.[3] This type of architecture resembles what can be found in the nearby Chichen Itza, just on a much smaller scale.
There are three major structures of interest at the Tulum site. El Castillo, the Temple of the Frescoes, and the Temple of the Descending God are the three most famous buildings. Among the more spectacular buildings here is the Temple of the Frescoes that included a lower gallery and a smaller second story gallery. Tanp lan of frèsk yo te itilize kòm yon Obsèvatwa pou swiv mouvman yo ki nan solèy la,,en,Figurines Niched nan Maya "plonje Bondye nou an," oswa Venis Divinite dekore fasad la nan tanp lan,,en,Sa a se "plonje bondye" tou montre nan tanp Bondye a nan Plonje nan biwo vòt santral la nan sit la,,en,Pi wo pase antre nan nan miray la lwès yon figi boudine nan "Bondye nou an, plonje" se toujou konsève,,en,bay tanp lan non li,,en,Ou ka jwenn yon miral toujou ka wè sou miray la lès ki sanble ak sa yo ki an yon estil ki soti nan Highland Meksik,,en,rele style a Mixteca-Puebla,,en,menm si vizitè yo pa gen okenn ankò pèmèt yo antre nan,,en,Epitou nan biwo vòt santral la se Castillo nan,,en,ki se,,en,m,,en,wotè,,en. Niched figurines of the Maya “diving god” or Venus deity decorate the facade of the temple. This “diving god” is also depicted in the Temple of the Diving God in the central precinct of the site. Above the entrance in the western wall a stucco figure of the “diving god” is still preserved, giving the temple its name. A mural can still be seen on the eastern wall that resembles that of a style that originated in highland Mexico, called the Mixteca-Puebla style, though visitors are no longer permitted to enter.
Also in the central precinct is the Castillo, which is 7.5 m (25 ft) tall. Castillo la te bati sou yon bilding anvan sa ki te kolonad ak te gen yon gwo bout bwa ak do-kay mòtye,,en,lento yo nan chanm yo anwo te motif sèpan fè mete pòtre nan yo,,en,Konstriksyon an nan Castillo nan sanble li te pran plas nan premye etap,,en,Yon chapèl ti sanble li te te itilize kòm yon Beacon pou kano fèk ap rantre,,en,chapèl sa a make yon repo nan Reef a baryè ki se opoze sit la,,en,Isit la gen yon Cove ak aterisaj plaj nan yon ti repo nan falèz yo lanmè ki ta yo te pafè pou kano komès vini nan,,en,Sa a karakteristik nan sit la pouvwa gen youn nan rezon ki Maya a fonde vil la nan Tulum egzakteman isit la,,en,kòm Tulum pita te vin yon pò komès enpòtan pandan fen Postclassic la,,en. The lintels in the upper rooms have serpent motifs carved into them. The construction of the Castillo appears to have taken place in stages. A small shrine appears to have been used as a beacon for incoming canoes. This shrine marks a break in the barrier reef that is opposite the site. Here there is a cove and landing beach in a break in the sea cliffs that would have been perfect for trading canoes coming in. This characteristic of the site may be one of the reasons the Maya founded the city of Tulum exactly here, as Tulum later became a prominent trading port during the late Postclassic (Wikipedya).